Tag: PRMO

How many positive integers less than 1000 have the property that the sum of the digits of each such number is divisible by 7 and the number itself is divisible by $3 ?$

Let $n$ be the positive integer less than 1000 and $s$ be the sum of its digits, then $3 \mid n$ and $7 \mid s$
$3|n \Rightarrow 3| s$
therefore$21| s$

Can you now finish the problem ……….

Also $n<1000 \Rightarrow s \leq 27$
therefore $\mathrm{s}=21$
Clearly, n must be a 3 digit number Let $x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}$ be the digits, then $x_{1}+x_{2}+x_{3}=21$
where $1 \leq x_{1} \leq 9,0 \leq x_{2}, x_{3} \leq 9$
$\Rightarrow x_{2}+x_{3}=21-x_{1} \leq 18$
$\Rightarrow x_{1} \geq 3$

Can you finish the problem……..

For $x_{1}=3,4, \ldots ., 9,$ the equation (1) has $1,2,3, \ldots ., 7$ solutions
therefore total possible solution of equation (1)

=$1+2+\ldots+7=\frac{7 \times 8}{2}=28$

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A pen costs $Rs 11$ and a notebook costs $Rs. 13 .$ Find the number of ways in which a person can spend exactly Rs.1000 to buy pens and notebooks.

Given A pen costs Rs.\(11\) and a note book costs Rs.\(13\)

$11 x+13 y=1000$………………….(1)

Can you now finish the problem ……….

Now $11 x+13 y=1000$
$\Rightarrow 11 x=1000-13 y=(1001-11 y)-(2 y+1)$

=$11(91-y)-(2 y+1)$
$\Rightarrow 11 | 2 y+1$
Let $2 y+1=11(2 k-1), k \in I^{+}$
$\Rightarrow y=11 \mathrm{k}-6$
therefore $11 x=11(97-11 k)-11(2 k-1)$
$\Rightarrow x=98-13 k$
But $x>0 \Rightarrow k<\frac{98}{13} \Rightarrow k \leq 7$

Can you finish the problem……..

But $x>0 \Rightarrow k<\frac{98}{13} \Rightarrow k \leq 7$
therefore for each $\mathrm{k} \in{1,2, \ldots ., 7},$ we get a unique pair $(\mathrm{x}, \mathrm{y})=(98-13 \mathrm{k}, 11 \mathrm{k}-6)$ satisfying equation
Hence 7 ways are possible.

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In a rectangle $A B C D, E$ is the midpoint of $A B ; F$ is a point on $A C$ such that $B F$ is perpendicular to $A C$; and FE perpendicular to BD. Suppose $\mathrm{BC}=8 \sqrt{3}$. Find AB.

We have to find out the value of \(AB\). Join \(BD\). \(BF\) is perpendicular on \(AC\).

Let $\angle \mathrm{BAC}=\theta$
since $\mathrm{E}$ is mid point of hypotenous $\mathrm{AB}$ of right $\Delta \mathrm{AFB}$, therefore $A E=F E=B E$

Can you now finish the problem ……….

Therefore

Therefore$ \angle E F A=\angle F A E=\theta$
and $\angle \mathrm{FEB}=\angle \mathrm{EAF}+\angle \mathrm{EFA}=2 \theta$
$\Rightarrow \angle E B D=90^{\circ}-\angle B E F=90^{\circ}-2 \theta$
But $\angle \mathrm{FAE}=\angle \mathrm{CAB}=\angle \mathrm{DBA}$
Therefore $\theta=90^{\circ}-2 \theta \Rightarrow \theta=30^{\circ}$
Therefore in $\Delta \mathrm{ABC}, \tan \theta=\frac{\mathrm{BC}}{\mathrm{AB}}$

Can you finish the problem……..

Therefore $A B=B C \cot \theta=8 \sqrt{3} \cot 30^{\circ}=24$

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Let $A B$ and $C D$ be two parallel chords in a circle with radius 5 such that the centre $O$ lies between these chords. Suppose $A B=6, C D=8 .$ Suppose further that the area of the part of the circle lying between the chords $A B$ and $C D$ is $(m \pi+n) / k,$ where $m, n, k$ are positive integers with gcd$(m, n, k)=1$ . What is the value of $m+n+k ?$

Draw OE $\perp A B$ and $O F \perp C D$

Clearly $\mathrm{EB}=\frac{\mathrm{AB}}{2}=3, \mathrm{FD}=\frac{\mathrm{CU}}{2}=4$

$\mathrm{OE}=\sqrt{5^{2}-3^{2}}=4$ and $\mathrm{OF}=\sqrt{5^{2}-4^{2}}=3$

Therefore $\Delta O E B \sim \Delta D F O$

Can you now finish the problem ……….

Let $\angle \mathrm{EOB}=\angle \mathrm{ODF}=\theta,$ then

$\angle B O D=\angle A O C=180^{\circ}-\left(\theta+90^{\circ}-\theta\right)=90^{\circ}$

Now area of portion between the chords

= \(2 \times\) (area of minor sector BOD)+2 \times ar\((\triangle AOB)\)
$=2 \times \frac{\pi \times 5^{2}}{4}+2 \times \frac{1}{2} \times 6 \times 4=\frac{25 \pi}{2}+24=\frac{25 \pi+48}{2}$

Therefore $m=25, n=48$ and $k=2$

Can you finish the problem……..

Therefore $m+n+k=75$

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A pen costs Rs.13 and a notebook costs Rs.17. A school spends exactly Rs.10000 in the year 2017 – 18 to buy x pens and y notebooks such that $x$ and $y$ are as close as possible (i.e. $|x-y|$ is minimum). Next year, in $2018-19,$ the school spends a little more than Rs.10000 and buys y pens and x notebooks. How much more did the school pay?

Given A pen costs Rs.\(13\) and a note book costs Rs.\(17\)

Nunber of pens \(x\) and numbers of notebooks \(y\)

According to question

\(13 x+17 y=10,000\) ……………………..(1)
\(17 x+13 y=10000+P\)………………….(2)

Where $\mathrm{P}$ is little more amount spend by school in $2018-19$.we have to find out the value of \(P\).Can you find out?

Can you now finish the problem ……….

Adding (1) & (2)

$x+y=\frac{20,000+P}{30}$

Subtract (1) form (2)

$x-y=\frac{P}{4}$

Let $P=4 a$
$\begin{aligned} \text { So, } x+y=& \frac{20,000+4 a}{30} \ &=666+\frac{10+2 a}{15} \end{aligned}$

Therefore \(a\)=\(10\)

Can you finish the problem……..

Since $P=4 a$ \(\Rightarrow P=40\)

So school had to pay Rs. 40 extra in 2018 – 2019

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